Cytoplasmic effects on agronomic traits, seed quality traits and amino acid composition in soybean with unique cytoplasms as determined by RFLP analysis

摘要

Cytoplasmic effects have been investigated since their discovery in 1909. However, in most studies it was not known whether the cytoplasms actually differed. Differences among the cytoplasms have been identified in soybean. This study was conducted to determine if consistent cytoplasmic effects exist in soybean based on cpDNA RFLP groupings. Ten soybean lines representing five cytoplasmic groups, were crossed to \u27Harosoy 63\u27 and \u27Clark 63\u27 to produce 40 F[subscript]1 and reciprocal F[subscript]1 populations. The parents, F[subscript]1\u27s and reciprocal F[subscript]1\u27s were evaluated for developmental stages, height, leaflet characteristics, seed size, protein and oil content, and fatty and amino acid composition. Ten F[subscript]2 and reciprocal F[subscript]2 \u27Harosoy 63\u27 populations, representing the five cytoplasmic groups, were evaluated the following year;Few significant differences were observed for the agronomic traits. Ten of the thirteen significant differences observed involved developmental traits, days to R1 and R7, and height at R1 and R7. Leaflet area and leaflet mass seldom differed among reciprocal crosses;Few differences were observed for the seed quality traits examined. Protein and oil content each differed in one reciprocal cross. Oleic and linoleic acid content accounted for eight of the ten significant differences observed among the fatty acids. No differences were observed for linolenic acid content in either year;Several differences were observed among the amino acids in the F[subscript]1 reciprocal crosses, but few were observed in the F[subscript]2 generation. Most of the differences observed involved aliphatic amino acids. Significant differences for the aliphatic amino acids were observed in reciprocal crosses in four of the five cytoplasmic groups. Chloroplast group III had two reciprocal crosses which differed for twelve and thirteen of the sixteen amino acids examined. However, the other reciprocal crosses in chloroplast group III, did not differ for any of the amino acids. Chloroplast group V rarely differed for any of the amino acids;Consistent cytoplasmic effects within a chloroplast DNA RFLP group were not observed for the traits examined. Most of the significant differences observed were in Chloroplast Groups I, II and III. Significant nuclear X cytoplasm interactions were indicated in some crosses.